Reincarnation Post: Water

I have shown how a reflection can be created artificially in Photoshop. See here and here. A reflection in water us slightly different as the water has ripples and moves. The reflection should be realistic therefore. We will also be using a Displacment Map. I will show how it is done.

Step 1 : This is a photo of a pond with railings. We will recreate the railing reflected in the water.

Step 2 : Choose the Selection Tool you prefer -- the Magnetic Lasso or the Pen Tool. I prefer the Pen Tool because of its preciseness.

Step 3 : Use the Zoom Tool to zoom in on the image. You cannot zoom in and use the Magnetic Lasso Tool. If you are using the Magnetic Laso tool you will have to make the selection without zooming in.

Step 4 : I am making the selection with the Pen Tool.

Step 5 : The selection has been completed.

Step 6 : In the Layers/Channels/Paths pallette click on Paths to reveal the Paths pallette (A). Right click the Work Path (B) that appears and a drop down box will open. Click Make Selection (C).

Step 7 : As soon as you click the Make Selection the Make Selection dialogue box opens. Set a Feather Radius of 1 pixel and make sure New Selection is selected. In the lower image you can see the selection bounded by the 'marching ants'.

Step 8 : Click back on the Layers in the Layers/Channels/Paths pallette. Then press CTRL+J on the keyboard to copy and paste the selection to a new layer i.e. Layer 1.

Step 9 : Now go to Edit>Transform>Flip Vertical.

Step 10 : The selection has been flipped vertically.

Step 11 : Now move the selection up.

Step 12 : In The Layers/Channels/Paths pallette click the Quick Mask button shown by the blue arrow. The Quick Mask forms beside the layer thumbnail containing the selection on Layer 1.

Step 13 : Now change the Foreground color to White. You can switch between Foreground and Background color by clicking on the small two headed arrow.

Step 14 : Now click on the Rectangular Marquee Tool to select it.

Step 15 : Now draw a selection with the Rectangular Marquee tool so that it covers the entire selection.

Step 16 : Remember that the Foreground color is set to White. Press CTRL+BACK SPACE on the keyboard. This will fill the selection with white. In effect the selection at the bottom disappears. Compare with the image a step earlier.

Step 17 : Click the Gradient Tool and set the Gradient as shown.

Step 18 : With the Gradient selected drag up diagonally as shown.

Step 19 : The reflection is now visible in the water.

Step 20 : Change the Foreground color to black and choose the Brush Tool. With the Brush Tool brush away any unwanted portion of the reflection. In my image there are no unwanted portions. But it may crop up in an image you use. Just use the brush tool to brush it away while keeping the Foreground color set at black.

Step 21 : Now click on the Background layer. Next click on the Channels pallette. Drag the Blue Channel to the Create New Channel icon as shown by the red arrow. It will create a Blue copy channel. Next click on the small black arrow on the top right as shown above by the blue arrow.

Step 22 : Click on the Duplicate Channel from the drop down which opens after you click the small black arrow. When you click on the Duplicate Channel, the Duplicate Channel dialogue box opens. From the drop down choose New. Click ok. And, you will find that a Blue copy has formed.

Step 23 : Go to Image>Adjustments>Levels

Step 24 : When the Levels dialogue box opens drag the middle slider slightly to the left to brighten the image.

Step 25 : Now go to Image>Adjustments>Curves

Step 26 : When the Curves dialogue box opens, drag the diagonal in the middle slightly towards the bottom.

Step 27 : Press SHIFT+CTRL+S to save. Save as psd. I an saving it in My Pictures folder.

Step 28 : Now click on RGB on the Channels pallette. This will restore color to the image, which had turned black and white.

Step 29 : Now click back on the Layers pallette.

Step 30 : Now click on Layer 1 to select it.

Step 31 : Go to Filter>Distort>Displace.

Step 32 : The Displace dialogue box opens. Click ok.

Step 33 : This dialogue opens asking you to choose a a Displacement Map. (Note I had renamed the psd file to pond as I have other untitled pds files). Click on pond or the displacement map you made.

The displacement map fits onto the contour of the image below it. The more contours the image below, the greater the displacement. That is all. Try it out.

This will be a tutorial on making a stream of running water in Photoshop, in fact a waterfall where none exists. It can be done in any version of Photoshop. In the course of the tutorial you will be using some built in filters of Photoshop like Plastic Wrap and Chrome and also a Displacement Map.

Step 1 : Open a new layer by pressing CTRL+N. The New layer dialogue will open. Set the Width and Height at 500 x 500 pixels. Background Contents should be White. Click ok.

Step 2 : Click the New layer button shown by the small white hand and a new layer -- Layer 1 forms in the Layers/Channels/Paths pallette.

Step 3 : Reset the Foreground/Background color by pressing 'D' on the keyboard.

Step 4 : Go to Filter>Render Clouds.

This is what you get.

Step 5 : Go to Filter>Blur>Gaussian Blur.

Step 6 : The Gaussian Blur dialogue box opens. Set the Radius at 6.0 pixels. Click ok.

This is how the image looks.

Step 7 : Go to Filter>Blur>Motion Blur.

Step 8 : Set the Angle and Distance as shown.

This is how the image looks.

Step 9 : Go to Image>Image Size.

Step 10 : The Image Size dialogue box opens. Change the Width to 300 pixels. Uncheck the Constrain Proportions. Click ok.

This is how the image looks.

Step 11 : Go to Filter>Artistic>Plastic Wrap.

Step 12 : The Plastic Wrap opens filling up your screen.

Step 13 : Look at the controls of Plastic Wrap on the top right and set them as shown. Click ok.

This is how the image looks.

Step 14 : Go to Filter>Sketch>Chrome.

Step 15 : The Chrome dialogue box opens.

Step 16 : Set the Detail and Smoothness with the controls on the top right as shown.

This is how the image looks.

Step 17 : Go to Edit>Fade Chrome.

Step 18 : Keep the Opacity at 100 % and change the Mode to Hard Light from the drop down window.

This is how the image looks.

Step 19 : Go to Image>Image Size.

Step 20 : In the Image Size dialogue box change the Height to 800 pixels. Make sure Constrain Proportions is unchecked.

This is how the image looks.

Step 21 : Click on the Background to select it. We have been working on Layer 1 so far.

Step 22 : Click the Foreground Color.

Step 23 : The Color Picker opens. Click the blue shown.

Step 24 : Then click a shade of blue from the Spectrum in the middle as shown by clicking. Click ok in the Color Picker.

The Foreground Color has now changed to the one you picked.

Step 25 : Press SHIFT+F5 and the Fill dialogue box opens. Make sure Use is set to Foreground Color. Click ok.

Step 26 : Click on Layer 1 to select it.

Step 27 : Change the Blend Mode to Hard Light.

This is what the image looks like.

Step 28 : Go to Layer>Flatten Image.

Step 29 : The layers have been flattened into a single layer i.e. Background.

I have opened this photo of dry caves in Photoshop.

Step 30 : Use the Move Tool to drag the water image to the cave image keeping SHIFT pressed.

Step 31 : The Move Tool. This is CS 3. You will find the Move Tool in the same place in other versions of Photoshop.

Step 32 : Keeping the SHIFT pressed will make the water image to land exactly in the middle of the cave image.

Make sure that Show Transform Controls is checked in the top panel. In Photoshop 7 it is called Bounding Box and is found in the same place.

Step 33 : Resize the water with the Move Tool. Keeping ALT pressed while resizing helps.

Resized further.

Step 34 : When you are satisfied with the resizing, click any tool on the left panel. This dialogue box appears. Click apply.

Step 34 : Click on the Background layer. Then double click it.

Step 35 : The New layer dialogue box opens when you double click the Background. Click ok without changing any setting.

The background has changed to Layer o.

Step 36 : In the Layers/Channels/Paths pallette click on Channels.

Step 36 : The Channels pallette opens. Click on the Red, Green and Blue channels to see which has the greatest contrast.

Step 37 : Here the Blue channel has the greatest contrast. As soon as you click any of the channels, the picture turns black and white. Drag the Blue channel to the New Channel icon and a Blue copy channel will form.

Step 38 : Click where the small white arrow points to. This is CS 3, in CS2 and Photoshop 7 there is a small black arrow. Click it.

Step 39 : The Duplicate Blue copy channel dialogue box opens. Click where the arrow points to.

Step 40 : From the drop down choose New.

Step 41 : I have named it waterfall. This will be a Displacement Map.

Step 42 : You will notice that a duplicate layer forms.

Step 43 : Press CTRL+L. This will bring up the Levels dialogue box.

Step 44 : Drag the black slider to the right and the image will darken considerably. Click ok.

This is how the duplicate image looks like.

Step 45 : Press CTRL+M. This will bring up the Curves dialogue box. Push the diagonal in the middle up. The image will darken fit urther. Click ok.

This is how the duplicate now looks like.

Step 46 : Press SHIFT+CTRL+S to save the duplicate as a psd file. I have named it waterfall and am saving it in My Pictures. This will be used later as the Displacement Map. After saving close the duplicate image.

Step 47 : Click on the RGB channel. This will make the color to return to the image.

Step 48 : Click back on the Layers pallette.

Step 49 : The water layer is Layer 1 and the cave layer is layer 0.

Step 50 : Go to Filter>Distort>Displace.

Step 51 : The Displace dialogue box opens. Give the settings as shown above. Click ok.

Step 52 : Photoshop will now ask for the Displacement Map. It has opened My Pictures where I had saved the duplicate image as waterfall. It can be seen. Click it and click Open.